Part 1
Questions 1-8
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE or TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet.
Summary
Prior to the 19th century, professional 1 did not exist and scientific research was largely carried out by amateurs. However, while 2 today is mostly the domain of professionals, a recent US survey highlighted the fact that amateurs play an important role in at least seven 3 and indeed many professionals are reliant on their 4 In areas such as astronomy, amateurs can be invaluable when making specific 5 on a global basis. Similarly in the area of palaeontology their involvement is invaluable and helpers are easy to recruit because of the popularity of 6 Amateur birdwatchers also play an active role and their work has led to the establishment of a 7
Occasionally the term ‘amateur’ has been the source of disagreement and alternative names have been suggested but generally speaking, as long as the professional scientists 8 the work of the non-professionals, the two groups can work productively together.
Questions 9-13
Questions 9–13
Reading Passage 1 contains a number of opinions provided by four different scientists.
Match each opinion (Questions 9–13) with the scientists A–D.
NB You may use any of the scientists A–D more than once.
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Amateur involvement can also be an instructive pastime. 9
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Amateur scientists are prone to accidents. 10
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Science does not belong to professional scientists alone. 11
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In certain areas of my work, people are a more valuable resource than technology. 12
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It is important to give amateurs a name which reflects the value of their work. 13
Part 2
Questions 14-17
Questions 14–17
Choose the appropriate letters A–D and write them in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
Questions 18-23
Questions 18–23
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 18–23 on your answer sheet write:
YES — if the statement agrees with the writer
NO — if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN — if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
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It is not as easy to analyse literacy levels as it used to be. 18
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Our literacy skills need to be as highly developed as they were in the past. 19
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Illiteracy is on the increase. 20
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Professional writers earn relatively more than they used to. 21
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A good literacy level is important for those who work in television. 22
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Computers are having a negative impact on literacy in schools. 23
Questions 24-26
Questions 24–26
Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.
Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
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In Renaissance England, the best readers were those able to read 24 .
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The writer uses the example of 25 to illustrate the general fall in certain areas of literacy.
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It has been shown that after leaving school, the only things that a lot of people write are 26 .
Part 3
Questions 27-33
Questions 27–33
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs A–G.
From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.
Write the appropriate numbers (i–x) in boxes 27–33 on your answer sheet.
27. Paragraph A 27
28. Paragraph B 28
29. Paragraph C 29
30. Paragraph D 30
31. Paragraph E 31
32. Paragraph F 32
33. Paragraph G 33
Questions 34-36
Questions 34–36
Complete the labels on the diagrams below using ONE or TWO WORDS from the reading passage.
Write your answers in boxes 34–36 on your answer sheet.
34. 34
35. 35
36. 36
Questions 37-40
Questions 37–40
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37–40) with the best ending (A–G) from the box below.
Write the appropriate letters A–G in boxes 37–40 on your answer sheet.
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Maillart designed the hollow-box arch in order to 37 .
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Following the construction of the Tavanasa Bridge, Maillart failed to 38 .
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The transverse walls of the Flienglibach Bridge allowed Maillart to 39 .
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Of all his bridges, the Salginatobel enabled Maillart to 40 .
